Tinter Abbey Essay Example For Students

Tinter Abbey Essay Examination of Tintern AbbeyWhereas most people will in general consider nature to be a playhouse that ought to change and fall to pieces to all their needs, William Wordsworth had a totally different view. Wordsworth saw nature as an asylum where his perspectives on life, love, and his maker were in the long run modified for eternity. The power of Wordsworths energy for nature raised him from a kid into the moving man and writer in which he is perceived to be today. One of the most convincing works Wordsworth at any point formulated was that of Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey. The sonnet edifies the peruser on the magnificent force and profundity of nature, which Wordsworth has found in his hardships upon the earth. Along these lines, to full comprehend the hugeness of nature in all lives told through Lines Composed A couple of Miles Above Tintern Abbey one must comprehend the setting and disposition, just as understand the rhyme plan, and utilization of numerous asso rted idyllic gadgets that interface inside the sonnet the sonnet. We will compose a custom article on Tinter Abbey explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now One can pick up knowledge into Lines Composed a Few Lines Above Tintern Abbey by first attempting to comprehend the state of mind and setting of the sonnet. Despite the fact that it is a smaller than usual of the long sonnet Wordsworth never entirely composed (Robyn Young p.409) it needed nothing to the extent profundity and force goes. Wordsworth was exceptionally talented in such zones, despite the fact that his composing might be come extremely complex it is said that it was an aftereffect of the unconstrained flood of feeling (Gale Net). Wordsworth composed this sonnet, as refered to by Wordsworth with no piece of it was recorded till I arrived at Bristol (F.W. Bateson p.191). Wordsworth was a firm adherent that man should locate a natural power that joins them with their physical and profound conditions (Jan Shoemaker p.1). As Wordsworth returns to this cherished spot of his (Tintern Abbey) he is helped to remember how he once saw this asylum. Wordsworth endeavors to investigate two universes, Brian Barbour states Wordsworths fundamental methodology is to engage the profound while remaining completely inside the normal order(Barbour p.154). At the point when he was a little youngster he resulted in these present circumstances valley utilizing it as his very own play area. He never gave nature the regard and commendation that it so merited. He just observed nature through a youthful childs eyes; he saw a tree in which to climb, grass in which was basically to skip in. The bluffs, springs, and the sky were only there for his pleasure; never did Wordsworth start to recognize the truth about nature. Wordsworth developed and changed significantly developing profoundly, intellectually and truly. In his developing he started to see a greater amount of what nature truly brought to the table him. During his last visit before he would leave for five long years, Wordsworth acknowledged natures genuine magnificence and regarded and commended it. He had at long last un derstood that one could just discover God in his most flawless structure in his own absolute best creation Nature. Harold Bloom expresses The noticeable collection of Nature is all the more then an external declaration of the Spirit of God to him; it is our best way to God (Modern p.4). He had discovered that nature was the genuine asylum for God, not some man made church, the ruler didnt mean us to adore him in a man made structure, which ruined his manifestations where he stayed. Wordsworth understood that his individual man has wandered from God by becoming involved with all the material things in which our general public gives us and this profoundly disheartened him. Brian Barbour illuminates us that the human psyche was building a world in which the human soul couldn't live (Brian Barbour p.154). Wordsworth currently understood that this spot has from numerous points of view kept him in contact with his maker and with his internal identity. When that Wordsworth comes back from this excursion he goes to his place of haven to find that he by and by observes it in an entire alternate point of view. At the point when he is upon his valley he is over whelmed with appreciation. He is as it were in wonder and as Stephen Gill states he is absolutely inebriated with nature (Stephen Gill P. 10). He understands that what was once thought his play area is really the play area of God. He feels embarrassed that he could at one time not understood what natures genuine reason for existing is. He presently realizes that nature isn't something that ought not be crushed and supplanted with houses, boulevards, and structures, yet rather something that ought to be extraordinarily appreciated and regarded for all its magnificence. In the past he saw nature with simply the unaided eye yet now he sees nature with every one of his faculties so he can get a handle on its actual excellence. This spot not just changed the manner in which he lived and saw his life, however it likewis e changed his methods of composing. When he could get a handle on the genuine magnificence of nature he had the option to relate his life, love, and his encompassing as a rule to it. Along these lines, the state of mind was one of the primary main impetuses of the sonnet. The sonnet was composed with a graphic and successful diagram of the setting, which added to the force of the sonnet. Harold Bloom states in spite of the fact that it is composed as the present Tintern Abbey, as a sonnet, closes with so insistent an accentuation upon memory (Modern p.132). The setting is chiefly discussed in the primary passage, Brain Barbour states section one presents the universe of nature (Brian Barbour p.152). Barbour likewise sell the peruser that Wordsworth accepts the premise of area in eventually in himself (Barbour p.161). In the main section Geoffery H. Hartman states that Wordsworth gets a handle on the drawn words express a brain that remaining parts in to some degree a miserable perplexity, a psyche that attempts to situate in time what is lost (Geoffrey H. Hartman p.29). The setting of the sonnet is in the Wye Valley with a perspective on the congregation of Tintern Abbey out there. He had a spot situated under a tree where he would come to over and ov er to sit and ponder his life. These environmental factors effortlessly overwhelmed Wordsworth and appeared well and good alcoholic on nature. The Wye Valley is supposed to be a position of extraordinary excellence in which one could without much of a stretch start to interrogate themselves regarding what they know and comprehend about the great serenity and tranquility of nature. Albeit one may want to promptly depict the environmental factors of the Wye Valley, Wordsworth keeps the setting particularly summed up. Wordsworth basically gave the conspicuous qualities of the valley insufficient to catch its genuine physical excellence. One can get from the sonnet that it was composed or talks about a period throughout the spring months. Unripe foods grown from the ground hedgerows (Tintern Abbey lines 15) demonstrate that this happens during a period where natural products are simply starting their development. Wordsworth likewise talks about plots of house ground (Tintern Abbey line 11), in, which he alludes to fields in which ones plants. Plantations in which life has recently started to spring from were available in the valley, which additionally shows new development. The entirety of this to Wordsworth is a token of the restoration and change that encompasses him consistently, and motivates him to celebrate in the way that he also has reestablished his life, love, and convictions alongside the rebirthing patterns of nature. The view surrounding him is new and green; everything is beginning once again, brimming with life and the expectation to develop. Wordsworth perceived this and the way that he also has change from his last visit, and this fills him with motivation to learn and cherish more. In rundown Wordsworth utilize the setting in such a manner to paint a striking picture in the perusers mind.Wordsworth utilized a sort on rhyme conspire that is absent in numerous sonnets of his time yet the do not have a notoriety of the configuration doesn't influenc e the superbness of the sonnet. Lines made a couple of miles above Tintern Abbey was written in clear refrain, which comprises of unrhymed measured rhyming. Clear refrain copies the rhythms of regular speech(Gale Net). Each line is made out of five iambs, which are units comprising of an unstressed syllable followed by a focused on syllable. Measured rhyming is typically rhymed however Wordsworth compensated for his need rhyming with his extraordinary utilization of different wonderful gadgets. Wordsworth utilized the expression, and the (Gale Net), a few times all through the sonnet, the recitation of the expression is planned to deliver a trancelike impact. (Storm Net p.2). Regardless of whether Wordsworth needed his peruser to as it were feel the amazing sleep inducing capacities of nature or whether he needed his peruser to feel just as he did, absolutely inebriated essentially (Stephen Gill p.10). Wordworths use of spell isn't truly perceptible except if one truly comprehends t he focuses that he is attempting to make. There are additionally a few examples in which Wordsworth utilizes similar sounding word usage in the sonnet. Similar sounding word usage is the reiteration of a similar consistent sounds or distinctive vowel sounds toward the start of words or in the focused on syllables. Brian Barbour states that refrain sections one and two are every autonomous, yet they gloss over each other as articulation and reaction (Brain Barbour p.152). Barbour additionally illuminates the peruser that the fourth section passage will be to protect what has been characterized and tested, and section five will declare that there is a social measurement to all he has introduced (Brain Barbour p. 153). In the primary section which comprises of lines 1 through 22, the prevail sound that one will in general hear while perusing is the s sound. This in a manner gives the peruser the feeling of being upon the slope with the spinning winds and the inaccessible thunder of the sea alongside the Wye River. Sent up, peacefully, from among the trees With some questionable notification, as might appear of transient tenants in the houseless woods, Or of certain Hermits cavern, where by his fire the Hermit sits alone. (Tintern Abbey lines l9-22). In the second section alongside the transcendent s sound Wordsworth utilizes the w in a little segment to fairly improve the impact of the breeze. The third passage, which comprises of lines 50 through 57 the predominan

Marketing Management Marketing Plan of Asda

Promoting Management Marketing Plan of Asda Presentation Checking arranging is one of the principle elements of showcasing division of an association (Kotler, 2003). This coursework will concentrate on showcasing system and plan of ASDA. The central matters of conversation in this coursework are inward and outside investigation, SWOT examination, showcase focusing on and advertising blend. Vision Statement of Asda As indicated by Asda (2009) the primary point of the association is to serve the clients by offering them lower costs and giving their clients regard for which they merit. They need to accomplish this objective through their staff called partners. They are building up their abilities. So they can fulfill their clients desire and make their visit to store increasingly lovely and happy. Circumstance Analysis At the point when an association works in the serious market, it has two primary kinds of condition. Inward Environment Outer Environment To detail, actualize and execute a fruitful advertising procedure, ASDA the board and showcasing leaders need to comprehend these two kinds of situations. (ASDA, 2009) Interior Environment The interior condition of an association is within association. A large portion of the procedures and techniques working in the association are a piece of inner condition of association. Inside condition of an association contains the greater part of the controllable factors (Sadler and Craig, (2003). Following are the principle components of inside condition of ASDA. Workers The workers of an association are most significant piece of association as they take an interest in practically all the procedures and produces of the association. Indeed, even exceptionally innovative concentrated associations, the job of HR is critical to get ideal profit by that innovation. The HR of ASDA are 150000 of which 90000 are easygoing and staying 60000 are full time. The organization is overseeing easygoing and part clocks to spare the workers costs. The advertising representatives of association incorporate client connection staff, individuals who work all in all market and do overviews to gather showcase information and officials and directors work in the administrative center. (ASDA, 2009) Items ASDA is offering huge scope of items and administrations to their association. Before its merger with the Wal-Mart the association was failing to meet expectations. When they get the specific assistance for their parent organization, they began to develop. Thus, in 2003 they have taken over Sainsburys. They are selling their clients basic food item, garments, electronic items and numerous other sort of items through their store based retailing and web based retailing. In the online business, clients can gain admittance to the store through ASDA site. The products are conveyed following day to clients at their entryway step. They are additionally offering monetary types of assistance through their stores and site. (ASDA, 2009) Correspondence Correspondence inside the association and with the outside world is generally done through organization own administrations. They are utilizing current innovation for this reason too to set up long range interpersonal communication and get advantage for the experience and data of other. The interior structure is all around characterized and all the individuals realize who is answering to whom. For promoting correspondence same channels of correspondence are utilized. The statistical surveying information, distinctive kind of investigation are accessible to all the individuals working in association at the focal nearby on administrations. (ASDA, 2009) Outer condition Markets ASDA is involving 16% of United Kingdom Retail advertise. Out of these 16% almost 50.30% individuals are visiting to their preferred stores regular and about 14.60% individuals are visit the store a few times every day. In the bustling urban areas, the association is ceaselessly losing their clients base because of clog in the urban communities. It requires some investment to go to ASDA and purchase the merchandise. Individuals lean toward the corner search for purchasing the result of easygoing use. (ASDA, 2009) Serious Environment The UK advertise is experienced market and all the key players in the retail business have their consistent piece of the pie. It is exceptionally difficult to expand the piece of the overall industry. To expand the piece of the overall industry association needs to spend more on the promoting costs. The expense of promoting effort is likewise lessening the net revenue of the proprietors/investors. Same is the issue for the showcasing work force of ASDA. (ASDA, 2009) Monetary condition UK and entire world is going through a world more terrible financial downturn. This financial downturn has decreased the buying intensity of the individuals. Same time it is difficult for the association to gain admittance to the money related assets for their advancement ventures. The per capital pay is lessening because of decrease in per capital salary. Associations are confronting more weight from the administration as far as assessment as their national insufficient are expanding in bigger degree. The United Kingdom as of late has national lacking about 63% of their all out GDP. This additionally has restricted the association promoting exercises. They are chopping down the costs and embracing increasingly skeptical methodology. In spite of the fact that credit emergency has less effect on the retail business like ASDA, Tesco as they are selling the results of fundamental needs yet at the same time monetary effect is noticeable in their diverse advertising and business exercises . (ASDA, 2009) Social and social condition The greater part of tasks of ASDA are in United Kingdom. The general public of UK is multicultural society. Remembering the idea of society, ASDA showcasing individuals don't overlook this reality. They have great scope of items for various kind of individuals having a place with various nations, religions and societies. They are serving such clients in their reality food office. (ASDA, 2009) Hitt, et al (2008) basically analyzed that the way of life of the individuals in United Kingdom has changed in during most recent two decades. They want to purchase main part of merchandise from their preferred stores. This gives them advantage of efficient and less problem. This additionally has built up the steadfastness culture. The advertisers are attempting to comprehend the changing in deduction and taste of individuals and creating items to fulfill their changed needs. Political and legitimate condition The legislature of United Kingdom is considering away arrangement for the general store. This is negative for the store and they will lose critical piece of their deals because of this explanation. The individuals won't come to store for the easygoing items. The power over the affectation is additionally capacity of government. The administration of United Kingdom have taken number of quantitative measures after credit emergency. These empower the legislature to hold pace of expansion under 3%. Monetary arrangement, monitory approach, work strategy or expenses are principle part of legislature of United Kingdom. (Hitt, et al 2008) Mechanical condition Innovation is utilized in numerous elements of business however utilization of innovation in the promoting is truly getting more significance. Promoting information is spilling out of advertising faculty working in the field progressively premise. ASDA showcasing work force are utilizing present day devices like versatile work station at better places. The information created by these machines immediately goes to the focal area. These apparatuses are additionally assisting the advertising administrators with analyzing the showcasing information and give systematic reports. (ASDA, 2009) SWOT examination Qualities ASDA is notable brand. Their monetary quality is additionally higher because of help of their parent nation. They have improved their administrative aptitudes and created number of best practices which they get from Mal-Mart. The association is receiving lower value procedure which is best apparatus to pull in more clients in current monetary condition. (Lee and Lin, 2008) Shortcomings ASDA is deficient in littler stores while their rival Tesco is getting colossal total of cash for littler stores. It isn't workable for the organization to manufacture greater stores at shorter separation. The piece of the pie of ASDA is consistent from number of years. This shows there is no development open door for the association in future if conditions stay same. (Lee and Lin, 2008) Openings The association has more prominent opportunities to expand their business to India, China and other rising economies. There are number of littler and neighborhood chains which are battling. ASDA can assume control over these stores and re-structure them to expand their client base. (Lee and Lin, 2008) Dangers the conspicuous danger of ASDA is its nearby rival Sainsburys. On the off chance that economy goes in further downturn, at that point association isn't in the situation to diminish further costs as they are selling as of now at lower costs. (Lee and Lin, 2008) Promoting Objectives The fundamental goal of ASDA is to offer progressively current types of assistance to their client. They are planning to build their client base by arrangement of better administrations, including more items in their item run and in conclusion the improvement of new channels of conveyance. (ASDA, 2009) Through, more power over the costs, they have diminished their expense while nature of administrations is same. The 30% of the lines have been diminished because of use of further developed innovation at the checkouts. Along these lines they are willing the consumer loyalty. The association is effectively actualized the arrangement of lower costs effectively. They need to continue executing same strategy in future. (ASDA, 2009) Target markets As per ASDA, (2009) The association is focusing on practically all the fragments of UK society. Anyway most broad clients of ASDA are ladies old enough 20s and 30s. These ladies purchase the merchandise of everyday use for themselves and their families. The second gathering of market portion of ASDA are guys. They additionally purchase for themselves or for their families. It is demonstrating that promoting effort of ASDA isn't determined on a specific gathering. Promoting Mix Strategies Item methodologies ASDA is empowering their clients to go get acces

Where to Publish Mobile Apps Android vs iOS

Where to Publish Mobile Apps Android vs iOS To publish on Android or on iOS? That remains to be one of the most frequently asked questions among mobile app developers. There is no doubt that these two are the main players when it comes to operating systems in mobile technology. Both sides have advocates listing the many reasons why it is the better platform. The comparison often became too lengthy and confusing that mobile app developers are left scratching their heads and eventually decide to pick randomly, hoping for the best. © Shutterstock.com | BloomuaIn this article, we explore 1) mobile apps development, 2) a look at Android, 3) a look at iOS, 4) a comparison between Android vs iOS, 5) Google Play vs the App Store, and 6) which is better: to publish on Android vs iOS?MOBILE APPS DEVELOPMENTPhones used to have only one purpose: communication. Over the years, technology has grown by leaps and bounds, and phones became, well, smarter, giving rise to the smartphone era. Along with this change came the increased capabilities of smartphones, and one of the most characteristic changes is the arrival of mobile apps.Mobile apps are essentially computer programs that are operated or ran on mobile devices, particularly smartphones and tablets. They have all started with an idea, and then the design and development stage follows. Afterwards, it is time to publish the app. The succeeding discussions will address the question on the platform where the mobile app will run. Should it be on the Android interface? Or would iOS be the better choice?A LOOK AT ANDROIDBackgroundAndroid, which was initially released on September 23, 2008, was developed by Google, utilizing an open source model. Among all the operating systems existing today, it has the largest installed base. It is currently available in 70 languages.Android devices can get its Android apps from Google Play. It was originally known as the Android Market, which then became Google Play Store, until it eventually became known as Google Play.Interface and CustomizabilityThe user interface of Android is graphical, revolving around the concept of direct manipulation. Objects on the screen are manipulated by simple actions such as a tap, a pinch, a swipe in various directions, and more.UsabilityAndroid is used for smartphones, tablet computers, many types of wearable devices, televisions, and even cars or vehicles.Publishing ProcessIn order to publish the app to Google Play, you must have a Google Play publisher account and familiarize your self with the publisher console and various tools provided. Fill out the required information at the Google Play Developer Console, agree to the distribution terms, pay the corresponding registration fee (now at $25) and wait for verification of payment and registration. Once your account has been verified, publishing your app is done directly through the Developer Console, which is an easy-to-use publishing wizard that even beginners and first-time app publishers won’t have a hard time understanding how to go about it.A LOOK AT iOSBackgroundThe mobile operating system known as iOS was created in 2007 by Apple for exclusive use of Apple devices, such as the iPod Touch, the iPhone and the iPad. Currently, it is the most commonly used operating system for tablets all over the world and is available in 40 languages.The official app store for the iOS operating system, on the other hand, is the App Store.Interface and CustomizabilityApple enabled the use of multi-touch gestures in the iOS user interface, so actions are taken by sliding, tapping, pinching and swiping, aside from pressing on buttons and switches. It shares the same direct manipulation foundation that Android is based on.Since the iOS interface is locked, customization options are severely limited. But there is one way to get around this limitation: the concept of jailbreaking, which is basically a way of hacking into the iOS in order to add or enable features and functionalities that are otherwise not recognized and allowed by Apple. Once an Apple device has been jailbroken, it becomes relatively easier to customize it.UsabilityApps published on iOS are for use in smartphones and tablet computers produced by Apple. These include the 5th generation (or later) iPod Touch, the iPhone 4s and later versions, the iPad 2 and later versions, all generations of the iPad Mini and, recently, the 4th generation of the Apple TV.Publishing ProcessUnlike the publishing and application process for Android apps, ex pect to comply with more requirements when publishing an iOS app on the App Store. The app owner or developer must first create an App ID and a Distribution Provisioning Profile. The application will have to be made and submitted through iTunes Connect, a tool suite for managing iOS application. The application must have been configured or fine-tuned, especially in terms of the detailed information about the app you are aiming to publish, before submitting it to iTunes Connect.You will also be asked to create and submit the following app certificates:Distribution certificate â€" a one-time certificate, this will be used for all the apps that you will publish on the App Store.Push Notification certificate â€" this certificate allows developers to upload their app to AppsBuilder.Mobile provisioning â€" this certificate is created in every instance where a new app is published in the App Store.Through the Publication Center, you can then choose the app that you are planning to publish, providing all the required information about the app. There is a checklist provided that you have to completely comply with, then you can publish your app.There are higher chances of getting rejections when applying for publication on iOS, primarily because they have a lot of requirements that developers find too complicated and too exhausting to comply with.A COMPARISON BETWEEN ANDROID VS iOSAndroid and iOS are currently the two top platforms and most used mobile operating systems in the world. In the United States alone, these two are duking it out for the top spot. Currently, iOS ranks first in the US, but Android is closing in real fast. Also, despite the fact that there are several mobile software and app distribution platforms around, the two largest app stores cater to Android and iOS. It is Google Play for Android apps, and the App Store for iOS apps.Deciding between publishing on Android and on iOS will surely take a toll on many app developers, because there are a number of considerations that have to be made before getting to make a final choice.Android wins at:Customizability or flexibility, particularly in the design. Developers can tweak, change and manipulate pretty much anything in order to customize the app. Customization options in iOS are limited unless, of course, a “jailbreak” is performed.Availability with respect to devices. It can be found on many smartphones, tablets, and similar devices, from various manufacturers including, but not limited to Samsung, Sony, Motorola, HTC, LG, Lenovo, Kindle Fire, Asus, and more. iOS, on the other hand, is only available on Apple products, such as iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and the later versions of Apple TV.Audience size. The number of Android users is exponentially growing, so developers can expect to have more potential downloads and users when they choose to publish their apps on it instead of on iOS. If you also compare the language capability, Android is clearly the winner, being available i n 70 languages compared to iOS’ 40.Ease of access by users. Anyone wanting to get their hands on an Android app can go directly to the giant Android app store, Google Play. Aside from that, they can also get Android apps from other app stores such as Amazon and Getjar. iOS apps, on the other hand, can only be downloaded from Apple’s app store.Ease of approval and publication. iOS is known to have a more stringent and tough guidelines for any app applying for approval in being published. There are a lot of distribution profiles and certifications involved, and they are not all that simple or straightforward, either. Many mobile app developers actually find it relatively easier to have their apps approved on Android, since all it takes is signing the developed app via a simple wizard.iOS wins at:Design quality. App design standards in iOS are generally higher, because they have stricter guidelines that mobile app developers have to comply with before their app gets approved for pu blication.Ease of app development. According to many app developers, developing apps specifically for iOS publication is easier than on Android. This is because iOS makes use of user-friendly development tools and software. Apple’s Xcode is particularly getting a lot of thumbs up. Part of the reason that it is easier to build apps for iOS is because the app is being designed only for Apple devices. It is much more difficult to develop for Android because there are a lot of technical considerations to take into account, such as the brand or manufacturer and even the model of the device.Faster media transfer. It is easier in iOS since all that is needed is a desktop application to transfer media and other files between and among devices. In Android, however, there are compatibility limitations. The ease of the transfer of files will largely depend on the model, and even the version, of the devices involved.Social media Integration. Users find it much easier to post status updates, t weets, or share posts on social network sites such as Facebook and Twitter when using iOS. This is a great tool for those who are aiming to reach a wider audience or have more people find out about their app and download it from the App Store. Android is also starting to improve its social media integration features, but there is no doubt that iOS already had a headstart.Privacy and control. The users will have more control on which app can have access to their private information, and the level of access that they are willing to give these apps. Developers publishing on iOS will already have addressed an issue that concerns many users in terms of their privacy.Protection of proprietary rights. Apps published on iOS and released at Apple’s App Store tend to have more protection in favor of the owner or developer. Copy protections are more in place and more solid than in Android’s Google Play.Profitability. If mobile app developers want to make profit, publishing on iOS is the pr eferable option. Revenue is considerably higher in the Apple marketplace because Apple users are generally more willing to spend money on apps than Android users.GOOGLE PLAY VS THE APP STOREWhen choosing between Android and iOS publishing, we cannot help but make a comparison of the two giant marketplaces where these apps are distributed. For the longest time, iOS has been the leader, in terms of revenue, number of app offerings and number of developers. But that is no longer the case, as Android has been making a major surge forward in recent years.Granted, the App Store is still the more profitable option, as discussed earlier. Compared to Android, it is the cash cow. Many apps on Google Play tend to be free and are supported by ads, and many users do not really like seeing ads on their apps, and that is partly the reason why they are willing to pay a premium to get rid of those.There is also a general perception among the general public that apps distributed at the App Store are of higher quality, thanks to the quality filter that Apple has set up in place. This means that poorly made apps will not be able to be distributed in the App Store. The relative ease with which apps can be distributed and approved in Google Play means that low quality apps can slip through the cracks.We have already discussed how a majority of Android users belong to the lower income demographic. That means they are happy with smartphones that have the basic utilities, and they will look for apps that do not require them to pay money.Google Play, on the other hand, is found to be more developer-friendly. Developers have an easier time rolling out major updates, and they can respond better to users who leave their reviews or testimonials. Download stats for apps are also shown, so the developers can track download history of their apps, and users can view the popularity of the apps before they download them.One strategy employed by developers, especially the new ones, is to publish on Android first. That is where they will get attention for their work and, once they have built a following or have obtained a feel for the market and their audience, move on to publishing on iOS once they are ready to make some money.The general consensus among experts is that iOS is the better marketplace, for developers and app users alike. It is certainly more profitable, and it offers more top quality apps. That does not mean that all apps on Android are crap, because there are actually many outstanding ones. It’s just that the App Store has more of them.Therefore, choosing between the two marketplaces will depend on the goal of the developer. Is it for profit? Is it to obtain exposure? Does the developer just want feedback on his app?WHICH IS BETTER? TO PUBLISH ON ANDROID VS iOS?At the end of the day, the decision on whether to publish on Android or on iOS will hinge on the target audience, or the users whom you want to download your app. Apple users are generally seen as t he more affluent and, therefore, willing to spend top dollar for very good apps. That is why app developers who are purely or largely looking to earn a big profit off their app will generally look towards iOS. With that said, your app should give a good value to justify the investment. The Apple customer base was also often seen in the past as the larger one, although that is now up for debate since the number of Android users is steadily increasing, thanks, in large part, to the fact that there is now a massive amount of Android devices that are available in the market today. They are available at various price points, mostly in the low to mid-price range.This is most likely the reason why the audience for Android is seen to belong to the lower-income demographic. Developers, especially the newer ones who are still aiming to establish a presence in the app world â€" without necessarily making money off their app â€" may also not mind publishing their app for free on Android.There i s one option that many mobile app developers are now taking: publishing on both platforms. Developers are now able to design apps that will work on both Android and iOS, so deciding whether to publish on one or the other is no longer an issue. If you look at the top apps on both platforms, you will find that they are basically the same. That is because the developers have managed to walk that fine line and reconcile the differences between the two. As a result, they are getting the best of both worlds.

Essay about The Impact of the Second World War on the...

The Impact of the Second World War on the Position of Women Women’s role in society during the 1920’s was a polarised one, were women would stay at home and look after the children and the men earn the money. However, after World War I, society had changed for the better and this lead to a better life for women. Young women started to rebel against what the previous generation thought they should act like and did as they pleased. They wore the latest fashions, short skirts, short hair and make up, and would smoke in public. They came to be known as ‘flappers’. In the 1920’s, women won the vote which shows how much more of an impact on society they know made. At the start of World War II, millions†¦show more content†¦Even though employment for women was on the rise (25%), this was on extremely poor wages. People may have done this on purpose to stop women working and jobs to men. The NIRA code in 1933, required women to be paid less than men. Furthermore, the Social Security Act gave no protectio n to women. This further indicates to us, that women were indirectly discouraged to work, as it was so unfair. However, there were also positive aspects during the New Deal time. Eleanor Roosevelt was an icon for women and helped women during the time a great deal. Frances Perkins became the Secretary of Labour, which did show that women were important. Mary McLeod Bethune, a black woman headed the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People), blacks during this time fared worse than anyone else. Overall, we can see that women position before the Second World War wasn’t a great one. They were being actively unfairly treated and discouraged to work. The USA’s involvement in the Second World War began 7th December in 1941. The Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbour and FDR was anticipating this moment. America had been rapidly producing goods and the WPB (War Production Board) directed all companies to make arms. The government spent millions on the development of bazookas and the atomicShow MoreRelatedImpact Of The Second World War On Women s Position2992 Words   |  12 Pagesinterpret the impact of the Second World War on women’s position in Britain? Why are there such divergent interpretations? Social historians, feminist, sociologists and others have argued about the importance of the impact of the Second World War on women in Britain since the war ended in 1945. This essay will therefore interpret the scholar’s thoughts and views and conclude if there is a new historiography or a new re-interpretation of how the Second World War impacted women’s position in BritainRead MoreAssess the social impact of the Second World War on women and ethnic minorities in the United States.1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe Second World War had a profound effect on white men who lived in the United States during the 1940s. Many volunteered for overseas military service, and many more joined the army in the nations first peacetime draft, which occurred in 1941 as a precursor to the United Statess future involvement in the war. World War II also, however, had a profound impact on the lives of women and ethnic minorities in the United States. Because white men were the primary candi dates of the draft, women and minoritiesRead MorePost World War II: Effects and Changes in America1524 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction World War II brought several changes to the world and specifically America. It not only changed the world map but also set impact on the behaviours. WWII played a major role in building turning points during different periods. Before WWII, African Americans were not offered equal rights in the community. It was considered an impossible thing that African could ever do a white collar or even a blue collar job. However, soon after the WWII, there came a turning point in the lives of AfricanRead MoreEssay on The Role of Women in World War II615 Words   |  3 Pages The role of woman in World War Two was an essential behind the scenes effort. Just as a cameraman is essential to the making of a movie the roles women played in the war was essential to our allied victory. In the war women provided food, clothing, funds, medical work, safety, knowledge and a safe and secure country to return to at the end of the war effort. All the help provided by women gave helped prove gender equality can work in society and helped lead to womens rights in our county. OneRead MoreWomen s Rights Amendment Act1483 Words   |  6 Pages Women have come a long way ever since the 19th Amendment was passed in 1920 and thereafter with the Equal Rights Amendment Act in 1972 to the U.S Constitution. After decades of struggling and protesting, the 19th Amendment was passed and ratified to grant women the right to vote. Fifty-two years later worth of revisions and persistency, the Equal Rights Amendment was ratified in which it declared that everyone had both Human and Civil rights in the States regardless of sex. Not only did theseRead MoreHow Does Social Inequality Affect People Of Different Nationalities? Ethnicities And Races? Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesFINAL EXAM Junjie Ouyang SOC 101 015 Prof. Pinderhughes 12/15/2016 â€Å"1]. How does social inequality impact people of different nationalities [ethnicities races], classes, and genders in society.† Inequality is ubiquity in our world, most people are looking at the downside or the surface of this phenomenon. In fact, that inequality is the drive of historical and social progress. Have an interesting experiment explain what response when monkeys encounter inequality treatment. Experimenters prepareRead MoreWomen During The Great Depression1471 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica known today. One particular event that has had a great significance was the Second World War. The war came as a salvation to the United States because it helped liberate it from the Great Depression. However, one gender population, during this time, had the opportunity to demonstrate their potential. This gender population was women. WWII was not only a life changing event for all men in America, but also for women because it would become the first time in history when they begin to break theRead MoreHow Far Did The 1960s Transform The Position Of British Women?1491 Words   |  6 PagesHow far did the 1960s transform the position of British women? The second-wave feminism has been the driving force behind the Women’s Liberation Movement, which is synonymous within the twenty years in the later part of the twentieth century, beginning in 1960 and ending in 1980. The movement, in the past, had an impact on various aspects of social life to men and women; and this impact is still showcased in areas including, but not limited to; women’s health, fertility trends, laws and legislationsRead More World War Two and Its Impact on the Role of American Women in Society1494 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War Two and Its Impact on the Role of American Women in Society World War II is an event that has marked history like no other. Originating from a European struggle, war broke out in 1939 and continued for six years. From the years 1939 through 1945 more than half the earths surface was battling in war. American society was greatly affected. People of every age, race and class were deeply affected. Womens place in society took a leap forward like it never had before. As an effectRead MoreThe Connection of Nursing with Feminism Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesrespectable career choice for women. After World War II, nurses had to transition from working in private homes to working in public hospitals. There was a dire need for nurses in the hospitals because of the different communicable diseases that were around. In addition, â€Å"the rise of feminism in the 1960’s influenced public attitudes toward women, their work, and education.† In Susan Gelfand Malka’s Daring to Care: American Nursing and Second-Wave Feminism, she analyzed that second-wave feminism gravely

Causes Of The French Revolution - 1119 Words

The French Revolution The French Revolution of 1789 was one of the biggest upheavals in history. You may be wondering what exactly led this to happen, but there were multiple long range causes. Political, social, and economic conditions ultimately led to the discontent of many French people especially those of the third estate. The ideals of the Enlightenment brought new views to government and society. Before the revolution, the majority of France were living in poverty. Peasants were entirely at the mercy of their class, because they had nothing else. As Jean Jaurà ¨s stated in 1901, there was not one action in rural life that did not require the peasants to pay a ransom. He recognizes that because the king is forcing them to pay higher†¦show more content†¦The Estates-General held their meeting at Versailles on May 5, 1789 (â€Å"The Beginning of the French Revolution, 1789†). Calling a meeting of the Estates-General was the king’s last resort to fix the major money crisis. The other two social classes had no idea what the third estate was going to do. The third estate (the lower class) met alone and was named the National Assembly; they kept meeting and starting gaining a lot of new people (â€Å"French Revolution†). This led to people getting paranoid about what they were meeting about, which ultimately led to people storming the Bastille. They stormed the Bastille on July 14, in order to get gunpowder and weapons (â€Å"French Revolution†). According to Vikram Rana, the economic instability formed one of the most important causes of the French Revolution. The last main cause of the French Revolution was the social condition. The social classes were divided into three groups- the Clergy, Nobles, and Common People (Rana). The big Clergy category had two different groups; the higher clergy, and the lower clergy (Rana). The higher clergy managed the top buildings, and never had to pay taxes. They had it a lot better than the lower clergy, the higher clergy only lived in mansions and anywhere luxurious. The lower clergy didn’t get any of that, which means their life wasn’t so great. The nobility was a lot like the higher clergy, because they alsoShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The French Revolution896 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, the French Revolution went from women marching to Versailles and demanding bread, to the institution of the Reign of Terror, which killed close to 250,000 people. The late 18th century was a dramatic time of French, political transformation which originally strived to implement equality throughout the nat ion. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen reflected the ideas of the Enlightenment and presented the idea of equality and liberty. In theory, the French Revolution of 1789Read MoreCauses Of The French Revolution906 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution began with a corrupt monarch, and ended with the death of thousands. In 1789 the bourgeoisie (middle class) and peasants revolted against King Louis XVI and nobility, citing various reasons as cause: including corruption and a poor economy. These people, making up 97% of the population, were known as the third estate. The original purpose of the revolution was to create a constitutional monarchy, but this idea quickly became lost in the radical ideas of the revolution. HoweverRead MoreCauses Of The French Revolution911 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution was a major turning point in all of European history. The old regime was destroyed and a new order came to be. We will talk about the causes of the re volution, when it ended, and if it was violent, Napoleon, what happened after his defeat, and some other leaders, and movies I have seen about the Revolution and how they were correct, plus other things I want to learn. The immediate cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was the near collapse of the French budget. On theRead MoreCauses Of The French Revolution750 Words   |  3 PagesA revolution is a drastic change in the way something is done, such as a government or an economy. One such revolution took place in France where the government was changed several times, many different people obtained power, and traditional ideas were questioned. The French Revolution had many social, political, and economic factors that caused it, and it was very impactful on the people of France, and on the areas outside of it. There were many causes of the French Revolution; some were politicalRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution991 Words   |  4 PagesFor six of the eight causes of revolution, describe two events, actions or beliefs (evidence) during the years before the French Revolution that led to a developing revolutionary situation. Explain how each contributed to the revolutionary situation. Frances failed attempts at economic reform contributed heavily to the developing revolutionary situation. In August 1787, when the parlements refused to implement the Kings proposed changes to the financial system, it became clear that the Kings authorityRead MoreThe Causes Of The French Revolution902 Words   |  4 Pagesthe French Revolution was not caused by one single phenomenon, however it can be said that the events occurring in accordance with the French Revolution were not only terrifying but when looking through our eyes just clearly wrong. The most significant reasons for the French Revolution are the imbalance of equality, power, and rights these reasons are supported by the ideas of liberty and fraternity which developed from the enlightenment era philosophers. In conclusion to the French Revolution theRead MoreThe Causes Of The French Revolution1273 Words   |  6 PagesDuring 1789, the French Revolution broke out against totalitarian rule and extreme poverty suffered by French civilians. France was under the absolute control of Louis XVI who gathered groups of nobles, clergy, and other royal families in certain cities. The corrupt French royal families in those cities were squandering nearly 75% of France’s wealth and in addition to the expense of royal classes, other wealthy classes such as landlords, local government, and churches were not taxed which made taxesRead MoreThe Causes Of The French Revolution1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution The French Revolution was arguably one of the most significant and controversial events in European history. It occurred during the years 1789-1799 when many French citizens became enraged with society and demanded political, financial and social change. The French people’s primary goal was to put an end to monarchy and bring reform to many aspects of French life. Inspired and motivated by the famous American Revolution, French citizens were urged to take action in orderRead MoreFrench Revolution Causes1139 Words   |  5 Pages The French Revolution was not an event that happened overnight but rather a series of events that occurred over several years leading up to the overthrow of the monarchy and the implementation of a new government. The Primary cause for the fall of the Ancien regime was its financial instability and inability to improve upon the lives of the French people. The 4 key flaws or events leading to the fall of the regime was; the structure of royal government, the taxation system, the structure of frenchRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution3450 Words   |  14 PagesTHE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1799) The French Revolution was a watershed event that changed Europe irrevocably and ended a century of slowly increasing opposition to absolutism and the supremacy of a decadent aristocracy. The causes of the French Revolution are difficult to pin down. Therefore, we will divide them into long-term and immediate causes. Within long-term causes, we will also define intellectual, political and economic causes. Long-Term Intellectual Causes Before a movement can reach

Shoe market Free Essays

The up market for shoe industry refers to that segment of the market that prefers to buy expensive luxurious goods because they believe that they deserve quality and experience goods. This market is characterised by the need to buy quality products, the consumers in this up market believe that the high price of a brand of shoe is a sign of quality and therefore they will buy expensive goods. The prices in this kind of market is not determined by the cost of production but by the firm producing the market, the prices are higher than in the other shoe market and therefore consumers spend more on one pair of shoes and therefore the firms in this market will gain more from the consumer surplus they tap. We will write a custom essay sample on Shoe market or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this market there are a variety of brands and consumers can choose their required product, these shoes are also stylish product in that they are made for consumers who are high income earners and therefore a firm in the industry will only need to market its brand and gain consumer’s attention.  This is a competitive market because of the existence of 15 markets in the industry however ony a few firms have introduced branding and pricing strategy aimed at those high income earners and therefore competition is high in the shoe industry, there is however free entry and exit by firms into the industry. Monopolistic competition: In a monopoly type of market there is only one firm in an industry and there exist barriers to entry and exit into the industry, the firm is also a price maker and not a price taker. In monopoly competition there exist several firms but the firms have little control over prices, there exist many firms in this type of market and each firm commands a small share of the market and therefore the prices are still determined not by demand and supply but by the firm. In the short run in the Greson case the firm will make abnormal profits but in the long run equilibrium this will not be possible as shown by the monopoly competition long run and short run equilibrium:  The diagram below shows a monopoly competitive firm in the short run:  In the short run the firm price is far beyond the average cost and for this reason the firm makes abnormal profits. In the long run in a monopoly competition the equilibrium is as follows:  In the long run the price is equal to the average cost and therefore the firm does not make any abnormal profits, however the assumption underlying this diagram is that the industry has no barriers to entry. Similar essay: Homemade Shoe Polish From Charcoal References: Philip Hardwick (2004) Introduction to Modern Economics, Pearson Publishers, New York Stratton (1999) Economics: A New Introduction, McGraw Hill Publishers, New York How to cite Shoe market, Essay examples

Do You Think That Americans Problematic Racial History Affected the Decision to Drop the Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki free essay sample

Elicia Esquivel January 23, 2013 History Journal 3 Do you think that Americans problematic racial history affected the decision to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? I do believe that the racial history had an influence in the decision to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; I think this because America had built up tensions and anger. Their way to release these tensions was to drop the bombs and in their minds at that moment they truly believed that it was the correct response and reasonable thing to do. They in my opinion should have restricted the bombing to the opposing soldiers and not killed civilians. The retaliation mentality that they had created the illusion that killing thousands upon thousands of people would equalize what had happened on Pearl Harbor and is a reasonable response. There were fatalities of both parties that should never have happened. The phrase â€Å"two wrongs don’t make a right† is true for this situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Do You Think That Americans Problematic Racial History Affected the Decision to Drop the Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Can we really rationalize the murders of all the people in world war two? Everyone’s lives that were lost from both sides didnt have to die. I understand that they had to make an example to create fear in the Japanese but why did they kill innocent civilians. Surely they did not think that every single one of those people were responsible for the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Creating the fear in them was essential to prevent any further bombings such as Pearl Harbor, but it also in my opinion wasnt enough to kill all of those people. When it comes down to everything I believe that it wasnt acceptable to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki because the American people were so caught up in the racist hatred that erupted after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The Japanese people were all stereotyped into being these horrible people that had to be taught a lesson. I believe that the reason for bombing Hiroshima was because Americas military wanted to try out their weapons and since they already had the support due to the outrage of the Americans they had the ‘okay’ to drop the bombs. Using the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that lived in these cities as experiments was unjust. How can we judge Hitler when we ourselves are responsible for such a massive slaughter of these people? Hiding behind the attack on Pearl Harbor is just a mask hiding a crime, the tragedy on Pearl Harbor should not have been used to destroy so many people’s lives. Based on the various moments in history when America hasn’t had the most moralistic reactions to horrific situations, I believe that in reality we arent what we pretend to stand for. Red, white and blue our flag’s colors red for action and courage white for purity and peace. Blue stands for sincerity and truth yet do we really have these qualities? Stars, they are in the sky above the evil on earth but we arent above evil, and America does not have any moralistic values we all share. How can we use these symbols and say the pledge of allegiance to them yet not live up to what they stand for? We are all frauds for not standing up for what’s right regardless of if it’s for the people of America or the people of Japan or anywhere else. We use these symbols to represent us, because of this we placed the responsibility to live up to them on us as a nation.

Hammurabi Essays - Codes Of Conduct, Legal Codes, Babylonia

Hammurabi Hammurabi In his position as king of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to organize the world's first code of law and establish Babylon as the dominant and successful Amorite City of its time. Records written on clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a very capable administrator and a successful warrior. His rule spanned from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. When he became king in 1792, he was still young, but had already become entrusted with many official duties in his administration. In the early years of his reign, Hammurabi mostly participated in traditional activities, such as repairing buildings, digging canals, and fighting wars. Yet later in his rule, Hammurabi organized a unique code of laws, the first of its kind, therefore making himself one of the world's most influential leaders. Hammurabi was primarily influential to the world because of his code of laws. This code consisted of 282 provisions, systematically arranged under a variety of subjects. He sorted hiss laws into groups such as family, labor personal property, real estate, trade, and business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been categorized into various sections. This format of organization was emulated by civilizations of the future. For example, Semitic cultures succeeding Hammurabi's rule used some of the same laws that were included in Hammurabi's code. Hammurabi's method of thought is evident in present day societies, which are influenced by his code. Modern governments currently create specific laws, which are placed into their appropriate family of similar laws. Hammurabi had his laws recorded upon an eight foot black stone monument. Hammurabi based on his code on principles like, the strong should not injure the weak, and that punishment should fit the crime. As for punishment, legal actions were initiated under the code by written pleadings; testimony was taken under oath. The code was severe in its penalties, prescribing an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. This code of laws was able to be maintained by invoking the authority of the gods and the state. Although the punishments were different than those of today, the authority of the state (government) is similar. Currently, punishments are issued through the state's law enforcement system, comparable to the way punishment was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the code, crimes punishable by death required a trail in front of a bench of judges. Included in these crimes were: bigamy, incest, kidnapping, adultery, and theft. There were also laws similar to today. For example, a husband who wished to divorce his wife, was required to pay alimony and child support. By creating the world's first set of organized laws, Hammurabi constituted a model set of moral codes for other civilizations to duplicate. The code of Hammurabi is believed to have greatly influenced the development of Near Eastern civilizations for centuries after it was written. Although Hammurabi failed to establish an effective bureaucratic system himself, his ideas were successful in establishing laws in Babylonia. Since Babylon was the world's first metropolis, the large population needed to be bound by a strict set of organized civil laws. The way Hammurabi constructed his laws is influential to the world today, because laws can be more easily understood by the people.

Witchcraft essays

Witchcraft essays Belief in witchcraft seems to be almost universal in human societies. In Europe's early society, many Europeans developed a heightened concern with the phenomenon/occurrence of witchcraft. This belief led to widespread persecutions in which thousands of Europeans, both women and men, were executed as witches. Governments and society organized "hunts" for these alleged witches, torturing, accusing more than 100,000, and executing thousands of people in a period known as the European witch craze, lasting from about 1480 to 1700. Although witches were oppressed throughout most of Europe, the mass of trials and executions were centralized in southwestern Germany, Switzerland, England, Scotland, Poland, and parts of France. During this time such events as the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution occurred, leading to a variety of reasons for the persecution of individuals as witches. Many of the alleged witches were accused as such through superstitions and fear. People creates superstitions as a way of explaining what witches were and the evils deeds they performed. Their fears came from these superstitions, and from being harmed by witches. According to Thomas Ady, one English householder believe that his neighbor had bewitched him, because he had refused relief to an old man or woman who came to his door. He beleived that witches had the power to change the way things act because his child, wife, and animals were all acting in a strange fashion, which could be explained only by the reasoning that his neighbor must be a witch, since there was no other explanation for this occurrence.(Doc. A3) Martin Luther, founder of the Lutheran Church, preached that witches worked for the Devil, stole, created storms, rode on goats and broomsticks, maimed people, tortured babies, forced people into immorality and love, and transformed humans into other animals. He fe lt that the Devil could act alon...

Problems Associated With Racism. Emmett Till and Trayvon Martin Essay

Problems Associated With Racism. Emmett Till and Trayvon Martin - Essay Example This was a difficult spell which was characterised by white supremacy in order to prove dominance. This dominance was displayed over a group of people who were believed not to belong in the same society as the white people. People, mostly African American, would bear the full brunt of the race factor, since they were often affiliated with negativity. This paper will review the comparison that existed between the Emmett Till lynching and the Trayvon Martin killing. Also, it will address the issue of negative perception on a certain race, and how it is affecting the American people. The negative perception from the whites helped bring forth a string of riots and rise in civil rights movements across the nation. This was since the African Americans felt that their rights were being violated. In the case of Trayvon Martin, there was a similar case of negative perception. A young man heading home from the convenient store with a bag of skittles and iced tea gets shot since he looked suspicious. He was dressed in ordinary blue jeans and wearing a hoodie. That was enough to send the young man to an early grave. This negative perception has not changed entirely even with the reforms that have taken place during the time of Martin Luther King (Metress 65). People are still misdirected, and it is taking a toll on the young African American people of America. As Mississippi was a state that had the most number of African Americans, it was hard for whites and the blacks to entirely get along. This led to the division of people and the division of everything else. There we re schools designed for the blacks, buses, and even hotels. The blacks mixing and mingling with the whites was considered a crime (Metress 72). It was a punishable offense for a black man to gaze at a white lady. That was considered inappropriate, and often led to the arrest of many black men. The perception that black men are violent often has them suspected for many violent crimes which later, leads to their persecution. In light of this, it was highly crucial for the black men and women of Mississippi to keep to their kind; attend their own schools and even, ride their own buses. However, in the wake of Emmett Till’s killing, the rise in riots and boycotts showed the strength of the African American minority group (Nelson 54). Groups that advocated for equal civil rights as the whites emerged, and pushed for equality among all people regardless of their colour. The death of Emmett Till was considered a pivotal point in the uprisings made by the African American minority. C ivil rights groups emerged in the wake of his death and wanted justice to all those responsible, while advocating for equality. This saw many black people killed in strange and bizarre circumstances. Some were bombed, others were drowned, some were bludgeoned, and others, shot to death (Nelson 63). All this happened in the name of white supremacy. It did not matter that lives were being lost and that the state was in chaos. All that mattered to the white extremists was for them to have control over the minority group. African Americans urged their children to join in the fight for equality, and they did without hesitation. They boycotted school and marched on to the streets to advocate for the treatment of all persons equally. The beating and hosing down of the children brought the president to action, and Mississippi grabbed the consideration of other states, as well. Emmett Till’s death can be considered the turning point (Nelson 72). This is because after it happened, the strength of the African American people could be felt and seen across the realm. Focus was shifted to the injustices, the killings, and

PVH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PVH - Essay Example The current marketing strategy that the company is trying to implement is three-pronged: Wider range brand offerings; multiple distribution channels; wider range of price points. To complement this strategy, the company has the following in place. The company has broken down its markets into high end, middle and low end consumers, which will be discussed in detail in the next section. For each of these, the company has categorized its segments into Wholesale Dress, Wholesale Sports, Retail Apparel, Retail Footwear, Licensing of Calvin Klein and others. According to the company’s Annual Report1 in 2009, sales volumes for these segments show a huge chunk being contributed from the retail apparel and wholesale businesses. With the existing portfolio of brands, PVH has something to offer to a wider cohort of consumers. These are classified on the basis of their income and preferences of shopping, both of which signify their brand consciousness. These high end consumers spend a lot of money on very high quality clothing, footwear and accessories. The brand name matters a lot to them and they are willing to spend on the exclusivity and image the brand carries. These might include high successful businessmen, industrialists, sports stars and celebrities. For this topmost layer of this consumer segment, PVH One tier below that is the CK Calvin Klein range, which is offered through specialty stores. These consumers value good quality but also like practicality to go with it. They are image conscious, but not as much as the high-end consumers. For this client base, PVH has on offer Ferrell Reed and Eagle brands. These group of people have a decent amount of take-home pay but they are normally employed and have to conscientiously manage their spending. They do, however, appreciate good clothing and style. Brands offered for these customers include Calvin Klein and City of London; It can be noticed from the spectrum of brands offered

The Diverse Features Of Classroom Discourse

The Diverse Features Of Classroom Discourse English textbooks and English classroom interaction are important aspects of English teaching and learning. The aim of this study is to draw out the diverse features of classroom discourse or interaction with a focus on the spoken discourse consisting of different linguistic materials in relation to the textbook. The analysis of classroom discourse is a very important form which classroom process research has taken. The present study focuses on secondary (9 and 10) English Textbook (EFT) and English Classroom Discourse. English is increasingly becoming the dominant factor for the development of a country as the choices and opportunities in education, technology and global trades and business are being dominated by it. Nurturing a nations socio-economic development badly requires creative and adaptive workforce with English language proficiency. However, achieving the control and mastery in English is quite a challenging task particularly in Bangladesh, a developing country. After four decades of independence, Bangladesh is yet to formulate a clear policy for the status, uses and teaching of English at both academic and real life contexts. The country is struggling to produce a generation posing high level of skill and proficiency in English. Such situation necessitates reorganizing the existing textbook, curriculum, teaching methods and all other consideration of English. English needs to be recognized as an essential work-oriented skill that is needed if the employment, development and educational needs of the country are to be met successfully. English should, therefore, be taught as something to be used, rather than as something to be talked about. (NCTB, 1996: 135-136) The best way to study the English textbook and the classroom interaction is Discourse Analysis. Bringing discourse analysis into the language classroom cannot be reduced exclusively to the adoption of a series of new categories and analytical techniques. It requires the teacher, in the first place, and the students, subsequently to look at their teaching and learning task in a very different way: the main focus of study is not language but communication. (Cots, Joseph Maria, 1995). There is increasing awareness among linguists that discourse analysis inevitably involves analyses of meanings arising from the combination of multiple modes of communication. The evolving multimodal pedagogic environment for teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL), among other communicative contexts, calls for a social, semiotic, and linguistic explanation. Discourse is, in very much simple words, defined as the language in use (Cook, 1989:6) where discourse analysis is concerned with the the analysis of language in use (Brown and Yule, 1983:1). A discourse is a set of meanings through which a group of people communicate about a particular topic (merriam-webster). There is no agreement among linguists as to the use of the term discourse in that some use it in reference to texts, while others claim it denotes speech which is for instance illustrated by the following definition:Discourse: a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative (Crystal 1992:25). The relationship between language and the contexts in which it is used is referred by discourse analysis. Language form as well as language functions are studied by it with a close view towards both spoken course and written text. It brings out the linguistic aspects that identify different genres as well as social and cultural factors that assist in our interpretation and understanding of different texts and types of speech or conversation (Weihua Yu). Both language and education have interest in discourse analysis. Especially when the aim of the study is to analyze the discourse of secondary English textbook that is written discourse, and classroom interaction that is spoken discourse. There have been only a few attempts towards discourse analysis of either textbook or classroom interaction or of both. In Bangladesh there is no such attempt to be noted with a view towards the key items. Though there are some influential works in the field of discourse analysis, they hardly contribu te in the direction and development of Secondary English Textbook and Classroom Interaction. 1.2 Why Discourse Analysis of Textbook Many researchers have compared EFL textbook description of a certain target language structure with the language occurring in authentic, everyday situations (Gilmore 2004; Biber and Reppen 2002; Barbieri and Eckhardt 2007). Perhaps not surprisingly, these studies showed that textbook descriptions of target language structures in many ways do not correspond to the realization of these structures in the naturally-occurring written and spoken discourse. (Ã…Â  egedin, 2007) Textbooks comprise a fundamental component in the educational process; providing the basic sources of information to learners, especially at elementary school. Textbooks teach the subject content and other issues such as social and cultural topics as well as the values and beliefs of society (Hasan, 2008). Textbooks, to some extent, are written in accordance with the policy of the educational system in the country concerned. Accordingly the dominance of the textbook seems to be associated with the educational policy of a certain society, especially when classroom practice is determined by a national curriculum. Textbooks govern almost all classroom practice. They are useful educational tools for both learners and teachers as they have been designed along the lines of current research and approaches (Hasan, 2008). Textbook is used by the learners to organize their learning process by a variety of methods and strategies in order to perform tasks and activities in terms of lexical, grammatical and cultural progression. It is the communicative approach which continues to advocate the use of tasks based on spoken and written material. By providing an affirmative structure, the textbook gives pupils instructions, guides their practice and facilitates their learning and consequently ensures a meaningful and reliable environment. On the other hand, according to Hasan teachers depend on the textbook as they do not have time to collect and adapt material for their classes. And again, they find it extremely difficult to develop new material and they might face external pressure which may restrict them from doing so (Hasan, 2008). Therefore, teachers have a propensity to use a textbook as a main source of information and assistance. They move through it lesson by lesson leaving, however, enough scope for supplementary material (Hasan, 2008). It is discourse that helps us in understanding how real people use real language in real life situation, as opposed to studying artificially created sentences (Weihua Yu). It is therefore of immediate interest to language teachers because we need to consider how people use language when we design teaching materials, or when we engage learners in exercises and activities aimed at making them proficient users of their target language, or when we evaluate a piece of commercially published material before deciding to use it (Michael McCarthy, 2002). It is, therefore very important to analyze the discourse of the textbooks to draw out the exposed and hidden elements existing in it. It helps understand how much does the written elements worth serve the needed requirement. Again the discourse of the textbook of English, with a focus on secondary level, should be analyzed very sensitively to view whether these are quite good to supply needed materials to our education, necessary communication skill development and later to bring about necessary changes. English is a foreign language in Bangladesh and some cultural and social diversity and obviously difference from our mother tongue have always impeded the development of good communication skill though given enough effort. So it is very important to review the entire process and product whereby discourse analysis may play a great role. 1.3 Why Discourse Analysis of Classroom Interaction Classroom interaction analysis involves the use of an observation scheme consisting of a finite set of preselected and predetermined categories for describing certain verbal behaviors of teachers and students as they interact in the classroom (B. Kumaravadivelu, 1999). The first language classroom research of Bellack et al (1966) is traditionally considered as a pioneering study within this tradition. The study offered a simple description of classroom discourse involving a four-part framework: 1) structure, 2) solicit, 3) respond, 4) react (Dick Allwright Kathleen M.Bailey, 1991: 98). Through a detailed description and analysis of the collected data by referring to Sinclair and Coulthards classroom discourse analysis model, the problem of patterns of the classroom discourse is made clear and on the basis of which a few strategies for secondary English teachers are put forward by the author in order to improve secondary English teaching and learning. Spoken language is the most vital form of language as well as speaking -the key skill of communication. Since spoken language is the medium by which much teaching takes place and in which students demonstrate to teachers much of what they have learned (Cazden, 1987, cited from Wittrock, 1988), the application of discourse analysis to classroom interaction may contribute a lot in the second language teaching and learning by ensuring teachers close view toward the real life language using capability of the students, to develop them and development of the exposures. Nunan remarked that If we want to enrich our understanding of language learning and teaching, we need to spend time looking in classroom (Nunan, 1989:76). Development of both quantity and quality matters of the students are possible by the application of Discourse analysis in the textbook and classroom interaction. Meaning making of classroom interaction has been attempted by different scholars from diverse point of view. The discursive turn provided these scholars with theoretical and methodological frameworks that enabled them to examine the collaborative construction of meaning closely (ADGER, 2001; ANWARD, 1997; BLOOME et al., 2005; CAZDEN, 1988; EDWARDS; WESTGATE, 1994; MEHAN, 1979; PELEDELHANAN; BLUM-KULKA, 2006; THOLANDER; ARONSSON, 2003; VARDI-RATH, 2002; YOUNG, 1999; WELLS, 1999) in multicultural educational settings (EDWARDS, 1999; HYMES, 1997) (Irit Kupferberg, Sarah Shimoni and Esther Vardi-Rath, 2009). Meaning making of classroom interaction requires the discourse analysis of classroom interaction as well as of the textbook. Failed communication is a joint responsibility and not the fault of speaker or listeners says researchers of communicative teaching the way successful communication is an accomplishment jointly achieved and acknowledged (Jack C. Richards and Theodore S.Rodgers, 2000: 77); It is the teachers responsibility to organize the classroom as a setting for communication and communicative activities (Jack C. Richards and Theodore S.Rodgers, 2000:78). In recent years, turn-taking, questioning and answering, negotiation of meaning, and feedback are considered are important aspects of classroom interaction (Chaudron, 1988:10). Because second language learning is a highly interactive process (Richard and Lockhart, 1996:138) and the quality of this interaction is thought to have a considerable influence on learning (Ellis, 1985, cited from Richard and Lockhart, 1996:138). In second language classrooms, learners often do not have a great number of toolsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, teachers questions provide nec essary stepping stones to communication (Brown, 1994a: 165). Questioning is reported as one of the commonly used strategies, as the success of a class largely depends on questioning and feedback. One reason, as Mercer (Candlin Mercer, 2001:245) states, is that they form the most frequent model of teacher-student talk in the classroom, in terms of the model described by Sinclair and Coulthard as Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) exchanges. 1.4 The Relationship of Textbook and Classroom Discourse: In view of the arguments stated above, textbooks continue to play a major role in classroom interaction despite the controversial debate on their significance. Hutchinson and Torres (1994), for example, consider the role of the textbook in teaching and learning and in the process of change. They challenge the anti-textbook view and argue that the textbook has a vital and positive part to play in the everyday job of teaching and learning English (especially at elementary level) and that the textbook becomes even more important in periods of change. They call for a closer link between textbook creation and professional teacher training (hasan, 2008). FL textbooks in use today reflect significant changes in design and content with the advent of the language program (Bragger Rice, 2000, p. 110) in contrast with those in use just forty years ago that were dominated by vocabulary lists, seemingly random grammatical topics, and controlled exercises (Heather Willis Allen,2008). More fundamentally, however, it is because they are a teachers best instruments to regulate the quantity and quality of language used in the classroom. The problems which are going to be mainly investigated here are the discourse of second language that is English textbook and patterns of classroom discourse at secondary level in Bangladesh. Because two of the most common ways in which L2 teachers engage in interaction with learners is by way of asking questions and providing feedback, and these deserve some consideration (Holland and Shortall, 1997:104), with a in depth view to in these it can be expected to have an improved L2 teaching-learning in our country . Textbook and classroom interaction have a significant influence on each other. According to the textbook the classroom interaction is generally originated, flowed and ended. On the other hand classroom interaction has good motivation toward ensuring the good execution of the skills and others necessary elements of textbook. Secondary education is a very significant level of formal education because it is the level whereby either the preparation for the next stage is governed or the necessary vocational or technical ability is developed in a profound manner. The context specified here is secondary English classroom. English is not our second language rather it is our foreign language and it is of a great importance here. In Bangladesh, with the development of society and international communication, more and more importance has been attached to English teaching and learning. Secondary education graduates with good command of English language knowledge and competence are needed in our country to attain the aim of our education. As the fundamental aim of secondary English education is to foster communication skills and international understanding, it is of great interest to analyze their English classroom and textbook discourse in order to improve teaching and to make learners proficient users of English. The need to attain the curriculum determined aims and objectives it is required to be skilled in the four communicative expertises with good proficiency in the textbook which includes perfection in classroom interaction. 1.5 Objectives of the study: 1.5.1 General Objectives: To analyze the discourse of English textbook of secondary (9, 10) level. To analyze the discourse of Classroom interaction. To compare among the classroom interaction To compare the conversation of the textbook and real classroom interaction. 1.5.2 Specific Objectives: To analyze the conversation of the textbook English For Today(9-10) by drawing out the- Initiation-Response- Feedback/Follow-up of the conversations Turn-taking Cohesion and coherence To analyze the discourse of Classroom interaction to draw out the- The teacher initiated interaction. The student initiated interaction. Initiation-Response-Evaluation/Feedback/Follow-up of the conversations initiated by the teacher. Students Initiation (Non-Verbal)- Teachers Response-Students Initiation (Verbal) of the conversations initiated by the students. To compare the ratio of teacher initiated and student initiated interaction. To compare among the classroom interaction of the -Grade-1, Grade-2 and Grade-3 Schools. To compare the IRF and Turn-Taking of conversation of the textbook and real classroom interaction. 1.6 Some important key terms From the works of Cameron, Working with Spoken Discourse (2001, pp.87-98), Pridham, The Language of Conversation, (2001, pp.23-32), Brown and Yule, Discourse Analysis, (1983), Yule The Study of Language: 4th Edition (2010, p.124.127), Brown Yule, (1983, p.191-199) (cohesion and coherence), Prof. Hugo Bowles, (2008-09) and Sinclair and Coulthard (1975) the following terms and their definitions have been cited. 1.6.1. I-R-E/F Model: This is the modification or details of the IRF model of Sinclair and Coultherd. Sinclair and Coulthard (1975) developed a model for the description of teacher-pupil talk based on a hierarchy of discourse units. The language of the classroom differs from many forms of spoken discourse in that it is formally structured and controlled by one dominant party, i.e. the teacher. The Sinclair and Coulthards model was devised in 1975 and slightly revised in 1992. The classroom turn sequences typically have three parts rather than two. Namely: Teacher initiation (I), Student response (R), followed by Teacher evaluation (E) of the response. Through understanding the I-R-E structures of whole-class lessons, Researchers have come to important insights about teachers and students · social roles and relationships inside classrooms. In particular, the teacher, by evaluating what students say, assumes the right to control the talk. Also as initiator of the sequence, the teacher maintains the right to call on students and allocate turns in essence organizing and orchestrating the discussions. Within this teacher controlled turn-taking, participation structure, students must have certain discourse strategies and skills to perform well (Cazden. 1983; Griffin Humphrey. 1978: Mehan. 1979: Sinclair Coulthard. 1975). Mehan (1979) notes that being right in the classroom requires a student to respond (R) to a teachers initiation (I) not only with the correct content but also with the correct interactional timing and communicative conventions: otherwise the students response may be ignored, discounted, or not heard. There are eleven subcategories of teaching exchanges, one of which is eliciting exchange. To put it in detail, that is, the teacher raises a question, then the students answer it, and the teacher gives an evaluative follow-up before raising another question. The three moves that constitute an eliciting exchange are referred to as Initiation, Response and Follow-up. The three-move structure of an exchange (IRF) is commonly cited, and will also be the basis of data analysis. When a student replies the teachers question, the other students may not hear clearly sometimes. So the teacher needs to repeat the students words so as to make it clear to all the students. Whats more important is that the teacher should give feedback to the students answer, to show whether the answer is right or whether it is the answer expected by the teacher. 1.6.2 Conversation Analysis Conversation proceeds on the basis of one turn after another. Turn belongs to a single speaker. But how do we know when it is our turn to talk. Turns are negotiated and renegotiated by participants during conversation. Continual negotiation is a general feature of conversational organization. Turn-taking and turn constructional units (TCUs) TCUs are units of speech. The boundaries of these units are called turn transition relevance points (TTRPS). These are points at which intervention from another speaker is syntactically or semantically possible. At a TTRP: The current speaker selects the next speaker, or (if this does not operate) The next speaker self-selects The current speaker may continue Repair (simultaneous speech and silence) Participants will not usually talk at the same time. Simultaneous speech and silence are problems which need to be repaired. In simultaneous speech, one person usually wins the right to speak and be attended to by the other participants. When the turn taking rules (above) fail to operate, there is silence. Silence is a problem which needs to be repaired. Adjacency pairs Spoken interaction is often structured around pairs of adjacent utterances (utterances which occur one after the other) in which the second utterance is functionally dependent on the first. Question-answer: how are you? fine Greetings: good morning good morning In these sequences we expect the first part to be followed by the second part. If it is not there, we interpret it as rude, unfriendly or socially inept. Different types of questions produce different types of response. For example, a tag-question organizes a response better than an open question. Insertion sequences These sequences can be inserted between adjacency pairs. The topic of the insertion sequence is related to that of the main sequence in which it occurs and the main sequence continues after the insertion. Preferred and Dispreferred responses The preferred response to a proposal is acceptance, which can be performed without hesitation or elaboration. Agreement is a preferred response. The dispreferred response is refusal. It tends to be hesitant and elaborate (we often give reasons for a refusal). Disagreement is also and example of a dispreferred response. Discourse markers (markers of interaction) These have the general function of moving the conversation on but they may have specific functions, depending on the conversation: to signal to the listener that the speaker wishes to continue speaking (a filler) to signal where the conversation is going For example, well may be used to indicate a) the opening of a conversation, b) that the speaker is about to say something which is in conflict with what has been said earlier. 1.6.3 Cohesion and coherence A sequence of sentences is a text when there is some kind of dependence between the sentences. The task of textual analysis is to identify the elements that cause this dependence. These elements are elements of cohesion (cohesive elements) and elements of coherence. A. Cohesion There are a number of categories of cohesive elements: Conjunctive relations What is about to be said is explicitly related to what has been said before, through such notions as contrast (but, however, nonetheless), result (so, therefore, nevertheless etc.) and time (when after, before etc.). Coreference These are features which cannot be semantically interpreted except by reference to some other feature in the text. They can be of two types anaphoric relations, which look backwards for their interpretation and cataphoric relations, which look forwards. References to assumed, shared worlds outside of the text are Exophoric References. Because they are not text internal, they are not truely cohesive, but because they are an equally important part of the reader/ listeners active role in creating coherence, they should be included in the analysis. Substitution Substitution is when a cohesive element replaces a previous word or expression. Pronouns (I, me etc.) and words of personal reference (myself, yourself etc.) are examples of cohesion by substitution. Ellipsis Ellipsis occurs when a structure is omitted and can only be recovered from previous discourse. Repetition Repetition is when an expression or part of an expression is repeated. This is very common in speech (see lesson on characteristics of speech). The repetition of tense and other syntactic patterns is very important for cohesion. Comparison In comparative cohesion something is always compared with something else in the discourse. Words of identity (e.g. same as), similarity (e.g. very like), difference (e.g. unlike); distinctness (e.g. totally different) are important for comparative cohesion. Something is always compared with something else in the discourse B. Coherence The textual world (what the text is about) is made up of concepts and relations. Coherence concerns the way in which concepts and relations are mutually accessible and relevant. In other words, a coherent text is one which is easy for us to understand because it is easy for us to make a mental representation of it. Remember that it is possible for a text to be cohesive but not coherent. The Faulkner text is full of cohesive elements but it is not easy to understand. 1.7 Rationale: Discourse analysis has been used to understand a wide range of texts including natural speech, professional documentation, political rhetoric, interview or focus group material, internet communication, newspapers and magazines and broadcast media. There are many different types of discourse analysis such as conversation analysis, discursive psychology, critical discourse analysis and Foucauldian discourse analysis. Each of these has its own assumptions, emphasis and methods but the key overlapping interest is in the way meaning is constructed in communication. The motivation to this work was to compile a set of useful approaches to analyze the communication processes of textbook to draw out the materials and again the classroom conversation which means a lot to the teaching-leaning of ESL. Another very significant reason working as a catalyst for the study is that there is hardly any work done in this area and this study, without any doubt can provide with legendary achievement for t he stakeholders if done properly. It will facilitate the Language education of Bangladesh by providing with an example of applied discourse analysis. On the other hand this work will provide with a good document for further study regarding discourse analysis. As many classroom-oriented researchers have pointed out, it is only through a better understanding of classroom interaction processes that teachers can render their teaching more profitable for learners (Jamila Boulima, 1999:15). This study is significant in that it studies the textbook with a view to discourse analysis and also attempted to reveal the characteristics of classroom interaction that is most favorable for promoting learners English and has insightful implications for English teaching and learning. The aim of the present study is to develop the textbook writers and teachers reflective thinking about what goes on in the text and their own classrooms and to provide information for improving teaching and learning in secondary English classrooms. There are a number of approaches to discourse analysis, some of which are: speech act theory, interactional sociolinguistics, ethnography, pragmatics and conversation analysis are the most important ones. (Brown Yule, 1983) This qualitative study examines spoken communication (talk/speech/spoken texts/spoken messages) between speaker (teacher/ student) and listener (teacher/ student) and written communication (conversation of the textbook) between the textual character. It stresses the need to see language as a dynamic, social interactive phenomenon. Meaning is conveyed not by single sentences but by more complex exchanges, in which the participants beliefs and expectations, the knowledge they share about each other and about the world, and the situation in which they interact, play a crucial part (Bowels, 2008-09).

Do Animals Have Language Essay

†Language is the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way†(1) Language is humanity’s way of communicating with each other, there are over 6,500 different languages spoken around the world. Every language is communicated by two or more people. Every person can have a combination of languages. It all depends on what that person chooses to do. Some individuals believe that there is no communication without language. But many like myself, beg to differ. As I believe there are numerous ways to communicate, whether it is by speech, symbols or sound. A few might argue that speech and sound are the same thing, to me they are completely different. Yes we need to make sounds that represent the letter that make up the word, but in some languages the sounds are the words. For example the Xhosa language; spoken by approximately 7.9 million people of the South African population, it is a tonal language. I believe that animals communicate using the same technique. I see that certain animals have a specific sound for their specie. For example a dog’s bark, a cat’s meow, and the whale’s songs. They are all a series of sounds, to each other they are understood. Upon being put in the right sequence they convey the message to the other members of that specie. It is a language they use, that we cannot comprehend. The languages present here in Earth are very detailed and elaborate, because humans have a very complex life, they need a lot of words to make sense of it. Animals live very simple lives, needing to communicate when in danger, or directing others. That is why their languages are probably much more simpler than ours. Other animals communicate through dance, and movements. I consider this a language of its own, as these dances create symbols, and symbols are a language. This is still considered using language as a method of communication. So yes, I do believe animals have a language, through sounds. Although those language are most likely very simple, they are their way of communicating with each other. (1):http://www.google.com.sa/search?hl=en&safe=active&sa=X&biw=1280&bih=596&q=language&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&ei=TbpMUMmDL4fvsgbWsYC4BA&ved=0CB0QkQ4